![]() ![]() It is, however, certainly possible to avoid worsening the situation and for this reason, many Italian cities have adopted programmes aimed at: Looking at cities today, such a goal seems difficult to achieve. When talking about systems (ecological and urban), this refers to the system's capacity to repair itself and return to its initial state following disruptive action and the consequent modification of its original state. We frequently hear talk of resilience, understood as the capacity to adapt to change. The initial goal is to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2☌ above pre-industrial levels, as established in the Paris Agreement of 2015, and to reach the year 2050 with net greenhouse gas emissions close to zero. ![]() Scientists are conducting a great deal of research into these phenomena and are focusing in particular on monitoring events and devising strategies aimed at containing emissions and mitigating the effects. The latter factors can play a key role in improving the situation since they react to natural phenomena (humidity, air, irradiation, etc.) and can condition the local microclimate. The quality of the materials that characterise the same. The concentration of the main business activities The presence and extent of urban green spaces Typical weather conditions (the amount of wind, rainfall, etc.) The urban configuration (depending on the level of urban density and presence of high-rise buildings in the area) This is due to various factors that are specific to each individual place: Superficial: the rise in surface temperature that occurs due to exposure to solar radiation (depending on the degree of absorption, the properties of the materials, etc.)Ītmospheric: a temperature rise of +2°- +3° (although scientists estimate that this will rise to +5° by 2050) in urban areas compared with surrounding rural areas, particularly noticeable during the night when surfaces release the heat absorbed during the day. The heat island effect can manifest in two ways: ![]() This occurs when an urban or metropolitan area is significantly warmer than outlying areas at any given time. The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, which affects urban and metropolitan areas, especially in the Mediterranean, has long been known and is scientifically documented. ![]()
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